What is FDM 3D printing?

The process

Fused deposition modeling, or FDM 3D Printing is the process of extruding layers of plastic on a on a mobile print bed [1]. A spool of plastic filament [2] is drawn by motors (extruders) [3], and is squeezes through the mobile hot end [4], melting it and then depositing it in layers on the print bed. Each layer becomes fused together one after another as the part cools, and eventually they form the finished part.

After each layer, either the building platform is lowered or the hot end is raised (depending on the type of FDM printer), and the next layer is added.

If necessary, support structures are also printed [5] to fill in empty space economically so that the surface printed above it remains smooth.

Post-processing in the form of removal of these support structures is required as well as any additional print material that was laid to increase model adhesion to the build plate.

Grinding, waxing or heating of the surfaces may be required if higher surface finish is desired.

Many types of materials can be used with FDM technology, including the most common thermoplastics, chocolate, pastes, and even “exotic” materials like metal- or wood-infused thermoplastics.

Widely accepted as the simplest way to achieve 3D printing, FDM is fairly inexpensive and efficient in creating functional and ornamental parts.